/***************************************************************************
 * targets.cc -- Functions relating to "ping scanning" as well as          *
 * determining the exact IPs to hit based on CIDR and other input          *
 * formats.                                                                *
 *                                                                         *
 ***********************IMPORTANT NMAP LICENSE TERMS************************
 *                                                                         *
 * The Nmap Security Scanner is (C) 1996-2012 Insecure.Com LLC. Nmap is    *
 * also a registered trademark of Insecure.Com LLC.  This program is free  *
 * software; you may redistribute and/or modify it under the terms of the  *
 * GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software            *
 * Foundation; Version 2 with the clarifications and exceptions described  *
 * below.  This guarantees your right to use, modify, and redistribute     *
 * this software under certain conditions.  If you wish to embed Nmap      *
 * technology into proprietary software, we sell alternative licenses      *
 * (contact sales@insecure.com).  Dozens of software vendors already       *
 * license Nmap technology such as host discovery, port scanning, OS       *
 * detection, version detection, and the Nmap Scripting Engine.            *
 *                                                                         *
 * Note that the GPL places important restrictions on "derived works", yet *
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 * misunderstandings, we interpret that term as broadly as copyright law   *
 * allows.  For example, we consider an application to constitute a        *
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 * following:                                                              *
 * o Integrates source code from Nmap                                      *
 * o Reads or includes Nmap copyrighted data files, such as                *
 *   nmap-os-db or nmap-service-probes.                                    *
 * o Executes Nmap and parses the results (as opposed to typical shell or  *
 *   execution-menu apps, which simply display raw Nmap output and so are  *
 *   not derivative works.)                                                *
 * o Integrates/includes/aggregates Nmap into a proprietary executable     *
 *   installer, such as those produced by InstallShield.                   *
 * o Links to a library or executes a program that does any of the above   *
 *                                                                         *
 * The term "Nmap" should be taken to also include any portions or derived *
 * works of Nmap, as well as other software we distribute under this       *
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 * common examples.  Our interpretation applies only to Nmap--we don't     *
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 *                                                                         *
 * If you have any questions about the GPL licensing restrictions on using *
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 * further information.                                                    *
 *                                                                         *
 * As a special exception to the GPL terms, Insecure.Com LLC grants        *
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 * but you are not obligated to do so.                                     *
 *                                                                         *
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 * alternative license agreement takes precedence over these comments.     *
 *                                                                         *
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 *                                                                         *
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 *                                                                         *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but     *
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of              *
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 * Nmap, and also available from https://svn.nmap.org/nmap/COPYING         *
 *                                                                         *
 ***************************************************************************/

/* $Id$ */


#include "nbase/nbase_addrset.h"
#include "targets.h"
#include "timing.h"
#include "NmapOps.h"
#include "TargetGroup.h"
#include "Target.h"
#include "scan_engine.h"
#include "nmap_dns.h"
#include "nmap_tty.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include "xml.h"

extern NmapOps o;

/* Conducts an ARP ping sweep of the given hosts to determine which ones
   are up on a local ethernet network */
static void arpping(Target *hostbatch[], int num_hosts) {
  /* First I change hostbatch into a std::vector<Target *>, which is what ultra_scan
     takes.  I remove hosts that cannot be ARP scanned (such as localhost) */
  std::vector<Target *> targets;
  int targetno;
  targets.reserve(num_hosts);

  for (targetno = 0; targetno < num_hosts; targetno++) {
    initialize_timeout_info(&hostbatch[targetno]->to);
    /* Default timout should be much lower for arp */
    hostbatch[targetno]->to.timeout = MAX(o.minRttTimeout(), MIN(o.initialRttTimeout(), INITIAL_ARP_RTT_TIMEOUT)) * 1000;
    if (!hostbatch[targetno]->SrcMACAddress()) {
      bool islocal = islocalhost(hostbatch[targetno]->TargetSockAddr());
      if (islocal) {
        log_write(LOG_STDOUT|LOG_NORMAL, 
                  "ARP ping: Considering %s UP because it is a local IP, despite no MAC address for device %s\n",
                  hostbatch[targetno]->NameIP(), hostbatch[targetno]->deviceName());
        hostbatch[targetno]->flags = HOST_UP;
      } else {
        log_write(LOG_STDOUT|LOG_NORMAL, 
                  "ARP ping: Considering %s DOWN because no MAC address found for device %s.\n",
                  hostbatch[targetno]->NameIP(), 
                  hostbatch[targetno]->deviceName());
        hostbatch[targetno]->flags = HOST_DOWN;
      }
      continue;
    }
    targets.push_back(hostbatch[targetno]);
  }
  if (!targets.empty()) {
    if (targets[0]->af() == AF_INET)
      ultra_scan(targets, NULL, PING_SCAN_ARP);
    else
      ultra_scan(targets, NULL, PING_SCAN_ND);
  }
  return;
}

static void hoststructfry(Target *hostbatch[], int nelem) {
  genfry((unsigned char *)hostbatch, sizeof(Target *), nelem);
  return;
}

/* Returns the last host obtained by nexthost.  It will be given again the next
   time you call nexthost(). */
void returnhost(HostGroupState *hs) {
  assert(hs->next_batch_no > 0);
  hs->next_batch_no--;
}

/* Is the host passed as Target to be excluded? Much of this logic had
   to be rewritten from wam's original code to allow for the objects */
static int hostInExclude(struct sockaddr *checksock, size_t checksocklen, 
                  const addrset *exclude_group) {
  if (exclude_group == NULL)
    return 0;

  if (checksock == NULL)
    return 0;

  if (addrset_contains(exclude_group,checksock))
    return 1;
  return 0;
}

/* Load an exclude list from a file for --excludefile. */
int load_exclude_file(addrset *excludelist, FILE *fp) {
  char host_spec[1024];
  size_t n;

  while ((n = read_host_from_file(fp, host_spec, sizeof(host_spec))) > 0) {
    if (n >= sizeof(host_spec))
      fatal("One of your exclude file specifications was too long to read (>= %u chars)", (unsigned int) sizeof(host_spec));
    if(!addrset_add_spec(excludelist, host_spec, o.af(), 1)){
      fatal("Invalid address specification:");
    }
  }

  return 1;
}

/* Load a comma-separated exclude list from a string, the argument to
   --exclude. */
int load_exclude_string(addrset *excludelist, const char *s) {
  const char *begin, *p;

  p = s;
  while (*p != '\0') {
    begin = p;
    while (*p != '\0' && *p != ',')
      p++;
    std::string addr_str = std::string(begin, p - begin);
    if (!addrset_add_spec(excludelist, addr_str.c_str(), o.af(), 1)) {
        fatal("Invalid address specification: %s", addr_str.c_str());
    }
    if (*p == '\0')
      break;
    p++;
  };

  return 1;
}


/* A debug routine to dump some information to stdout. Invoked if debugging is
   set to 4 or higher. */
int dumpExclude(addrset *exclude_group) {
  const struct addrset_elem *elem;

  for (elem = exclude_group->head; elem != NULL; elem = elem->next)
    addrset_elem_print(stdout, elem);

  return 1;
}
 
static void massping(Target *hostbatch[], int num_hosts, struct scan_lists *ports) {
  static struct timeout_info group_to = { 0, 0, 0 };
  static char prev_device_name[16] = "";
  const char *device_name;
  std::vector<Target *> targets;
  int i;

  /* Get the name of the interface used to send to this group. We assume the
     device used to send to the first target is used to send to all of them. */
  device_name = NULL;
  if (num_hosts > 0)
    device_name = hostbatch[0]->deviceName();
  if (device_name == NULL)
    device_name = "";

  /* group_to is a static variable that keeps track of group timeout values
     between invocations of this function. We reuse timeouts as long as this
     invocation uses the same device as the previous one. Otherwise we
     reinitialize the timeouts. */
  if (group_to.srtt == 0 || group_to.rttvar == 0 || group_to.timeout == 0
    || strcmp(prev_device_name, device_name) != 0) {
    initialize_timeout_info(&group_to);
    Strncpy(prev_device_name, device_name, sizeof(prev_device_name));
  }

  for (i = 0; i < num_hosts; i++) {
    initialize_timeout_info(&hostbatch[i]->to);
    targets.push_back(hostbatch[i]);
  }

  ultra_scan(targets, ports, PING_SCAN, &group_to);
}

/* Returns true iff this target is incompatible with the other hosts in the host
   group. This happens when:
     1. it uses a different interface, or
     2. it uses a different source address, or
     3. it is directly connected when the other hosts are not, or vice versa, or
     4. it has the same IP address as another target already in the group.
   These restrictions only apply for raw scans. This function is similar to one
   of the same name in nmap.cc. That one is for port scanning, this one is for
   ping scanning. */
static bool target_needs_new_hostgroup(const HostGroupState *hs, const Target *target) {
  int i;

  /* We've just started a new hostgroup, so any target is acceptable. */
  if (hs->current_batch_sz == 0)
    return false;

  /* There are no restrictions on non-root scans. */
  if (!(o.isr00t && target->deviceName() != NULL))
    return false;

  /* Different address family? */
  if (hs->hostbatch[0]->af() != target->af())
    return true;

  /* Different interface name? */
  if (hs->hostbatch[0]->deviceName() != NULL &&
      target->deviceName() != NULL &&
      strcmp(hs->hostbatch[0]->deviceName(), target->deviceName()) != 0) {
    return true;
  }

  /* Different source address? */
  if (sockaddr_storage_cmp(hs->hostbatch[0]->SourceSockAddr(), target->SourceSockAddr()) != 0)
    return true;

  /* Different direct connectedness? */
  if (hs->hostbatch[0]->directlyConnected() != target->directlyConnected())
    return true;

  /* Is there already a target with this same IP address? ultra_scan doesn't
     cope with that, because it uses IP addresses to look up targets from
     replies. What happens is one target gets the replies for all probes
     referring to the same IP address. */
  for (i = 0; i < hs->current_batch_sz; i++) {
    if (sockaddr_storage_cmp(hs->hostbatch[i]->TargetSockAddr(), target->TargetSockAddr()) == 0)
      return true;
  }

  return false;
}

/* Initializes (or reinitializes) the object with a new expression, such
   as 192.168.0.0/16 , 10.1.0-5.1-254 , or fe80::202:e3ff:fe14:1102 .
   Returns 0 for success */
int TargetGroup::parse_expr(const char *target_expr, int af) {
  if (this->netblock != NULL)
    delete this->netblock;
  this->netblock = NetBlock::parse_expr(target_expr, af);
  if (this->netblock != NULL)
    return 0;
  else
    return 1;
}

/* Grab the next host from this expression (if any) and updates its internal
   state to reflect that the IP was given out.  Returns 0 and
   fills in ss if successful.  ss must point to a pre-allocated
   sockaddr_storage structure */
int TargetGroup::get_next_host(struct sockaddr_storage *ss, size_t *sslen) {
  if (this->pushback.ss_family != AF_UNSPEC) {
    *ss = this->pushback;
    *sslen = sizeof(*ss);
    this->pushback.ss_family = AF_UNSPEC;
    return 0;
  }

  if (this->netblock == NULL)
    return -1;

  /* If all we have at this point is a hostname and netmask, resolve into
     something where we know the address. If we ever have to use strictly the
     hostname, without doing local DNS resolution (like with a proxy scan), this
     has to be made conditional (and perhaps an error if the netmask doesn't
     limit it to exactly one address). */
  NetBlockHostname *netblock_hostname;
  netblock_hostname = dynamic_cast<NetBlockHostname *>(this->netblock);
  if (netblock_hostname != NULL) {
    this->netblock = netblock_hostname->resolve();
    if (this->netblock == NULL) {
      error("Failed to resolve \"%s\".", netblock_hostname->hostname.c_str());
      return -1;
    }
    delete netblock_hostname;
  }

  *sslen = sizeof(*ss);
  if (this->netblock->next(ss))
    return 0;
  else
    return -1;
}

/* Returns the given host, so that it will be given the next time
   get_next_host is called. Does nothing if ss is NULL. */
void TargetGroup::return_host(const struct sockaddr_storage *ss) {
  if (ss == NULL)
    return;
  assert(this->pushback.ss_family == AF_UNSPEC);
  this->pushback = *ss;
}

/* Returns true iff the given address is the one that was resolved to create
   this target group; i.e., not one of the addresses derived from it with a
   netmask. */
bool TargetGroup::is_resolved_address(const struct sockaddr_storage *ss) const {
  return this->netblock->is_resolved_address(ss);
}

/* Return a string of the name or address that was resolved for this group. */
const char *TargetGroup::get_resolved_name(void) const {
  if (this->netblock->hostname.empty())
    return NULL;
  else
    return this->netblock->hostname.c_str();
}

/* Return the list of addresses that the name for this group resolved to, if
   it came from a name resolution. */
const std::list<struct sockaddr_storage> &TargetGroup::get_resolved_addrs(void) const {
  return this->netblock->resolvedaddrs;
}

/* is the current expression a named host */
int TargetGroup::get_namedhost() const {
  return this->get_resolved_name() != NULL;
};

/* Lookahead is the number of hosts that can be
   checked (such as ping scanned) in advance.  Randomize causes each
   group of up to lookahead hosts to be internally shuffled around.
   The target_expressions array MUST REMAIN VALID IN MEMORY as long as
   this class instance is used -- the array is NOT copied.
 */
HostGroupState::HostGroupState(int lookahead, int rnd, int argc, const char **argv) {
  assert(lookahead > 0);
  this->argc = argc;
  this->argv = argv;
  hostbatch = (Target **) safe_zalloc(sizeof(Target *) * lookahead);
  max_batch_sz = lookahead;
  current_batch_sz = 0;
  next_batch_no = 0;
  randomize = rnd;
}

HostGroupState::~HostGroupState() {
  free(hostbatch);
}

const char *HostGroupState::next_expression() {
  static char buf[1024];

  if (o.max_ips_to_scan == 0 || o.numhosts_scanned + this->current_batch_sz < o.max_ips_to_scan) {
    const char *expr;
    expr = grab_next_host_spec(o.inputfd, o.generate_random_ips, this->argc, this->argv);
    if (expr != NULL)
      return expr;
  }

#ifndef NOLUA
  /* Add any new NSE discovered targets to the scan queue */

  NewTargets *new_targets = NewTargets::get();
  if (o.script && new_targets != NULL) {
    if (new_targets->get_queued() > 0) {
      std::string expr_string;
      expr_string = new_targets->read().c_str();
      if (o.debugging > 3) {
        log_write(LOG_PLAIN,
                  "New targets in the scanned cache: %ld, pending ones: %ld.\n",
                  new_targets->get_scanned(), new_targets->get_queued());
      }
      if (!expr_string.empty()) {
        Strncpy(buf, expr_string.c_str(), sizeof(buf));
        return buf;
      }
    }
  }
#endif

  return NULL;
}

/* Add a <target> element to the XML stating that a target specification was
   ignored. This can be because of, for example, a DNS resolution failure, or a
   syntax error. */
static void log_bogus_target(const char *expr) {
  xml_open_start_tag("target");
  xml_attribute("specification", "%s", expr);
  xml_attribute("status", "skipped");
  xml_attribute("reason", "invalid");
  xml_close_empty_tag();
  xml_newline();
}

/* Returns a newly allocated Target with the given address. Handles all the
   details like setting the Target's address and next hop. */
static Target *setup_target(const HostGroupState *hs,
                            const struct sockaddr_storage *ss, size_t sslen,
                            int pingtype) {
  struct route_nfo rnfo;
  Target *t;

  t = new Target();

  t->setTargetSockAddr(ss, sslen);

  /* Special handling for the resolved address (for example whatever
     scanme.nmap.org resolves to in scanme.nmap.org/24). */
  if (hs->current_group.is_resolved_address(ss)) {
    if (hs->current_group.get_namedhost())
      t->setTargetName(hs->current_group.get_resolved_name());
    t->resolved_addrs = hs->current_group.get_resolved_addrs();
  }

  /* We figure out the source IP/device IFF
     1) We are r00t AND
     2) We are doing tcp or udp pingscan OR
     3) We are doing a raw-mode portscan or osscan or traceroute OR
     4) We are on windows and doing ICMP ping */
  if (o.isr00t &&
      ((pingtype & (PINGTYPE_TCP|PINGTYPE_UDP|PINGTYPE_SCTP_INIT|PINGTYPE_PROTO|PINGTYPE_ARP)) || o.RawScan()
#ifdef WIN32
       || (pingtype & (PINGTYPE_ICMP_PING|PINGTYPE_ICMP_MASK|PINGTYPE_ICMP_TS))
#endif // WIN32
      )) {
    if (!nmap_route_dst(ss, &rnfo)) {
      log_bogus_target(inet_ntop_ez(ss, sslen));
      error("%s: failed to determine route to %s", __func__, t->NameIP());
      goto bail;
    }
    if (rnfo.direct_connect) {
      t->setDirectlyConnected(true);
    } else {
      t->setDirectlyConnected(false);
      t->setNextHop(&rnfo.nexthop, sizeof(rnfo.nexthop));
    }
    t->setIfType(rnfo.ii.device_type);
    if (rnfo.ii.device_type == devt_ethernet) {
      if (o.spoofMACAddress())
        t->setSrcMACAddress(o.spoofMACAddress());
      else
        t->setSrcMACAddress(rnfo.ii.mac);
    }
    t->setSourceSockAddr(&rnfo.srcaddr, sizeof(rnfo.srcaddr));
    if (hs->current_batch_sz == 0) /* Because later ones can have different src addy and be cut off group */
      o.decoys[o.decoyturn] = t->v4source();
    t->setDeviceNames(rnfo.ii.devname, rnfo.ii.devfullname);
    t->setMTU(rnfo.ii.mtu);
    // printf("Target %s %s directly connected, goes through local iface %s, which %s ethernet\n", t->NameIP(), t->directlyConnected()? "IS" : "IS NOT", t->deviceName(), (t->ifType() == devt_ethernet)? "IS" : "IS NOT");
  }

  return t;

bail:
  delete t;
  return NULL;
}

Target *nexthost(HostGroupState *hs, const addrset *exclude_group,
                 struct scan_lists *ports, int pingtype) {
  int i;
  struct sockaddr_storage ss;
  size_t sslen;
  bool arpping_done = false;
  struct timeval now;

  if (hs->next_batch_no < hs->current_batch_sz) {
    /* Woop!  This is easy -- we just pass back the next host struct */
    return hs->hostbatch[hs->next_batch_no++];
  }

  /* Doh, we need to refresh our array */
  hs->current_batch_sz = hs->next_batch_no = 0;
  for (;;) {
    /* Grab anything we have in our current_group */
    while (hs->current_batch_sz < hs->max_batch_sz && 
        hs->current_group.get_next_host(&ss, &sslen) == 0) {
      Target *t;

      /* If we are resuming from a previous scan, we have already finished
         scans up to o.resume_ip.  */
      if (ss.ss_family == AF_INET && o.resume_ip.s_addr) {
        if (o.resume_ip.s_addr == ((struct sockaddr_in *) &ss)->sin_addr.s_addr)
          o.resume_ip.s_addr = 0; /* So that we will KEEP the next one */
        continue; /* Try again */
      }

      if (hostInExclude((struct sockaddr *)&ss, sslen, exclude_group)) {
        continue; /* Skip any hosts the user asked to exclude */
      }
      t = setup_target(hs, &ss, sslen, pingtype);
      if (t == NULL)
        continue;

      /* Does this target need to go in a separate host group? */
      if (target_needs_new_hostgroup(hs, t)) {
        /* Cancel everything!  This guy must go in the next group and we are
           out of here */
        hs->current_group.return_host(t->TargetSockAddr());
        delete t;
        goto batchfull;
      }

      hs->hostbatch[hs->current_batch_sz++] = t;
    }

    if (hs->current_batch_sz < hs->max_batch_sz) {
      const char *expr;
      /* We are going to have to pop in another expression. */
      for (;;) {
        expr = hs->next_expression();
        if (expr == NULL)
          goto batchfull;
        if (hs->current_group.parse_expr(expr, o.af()) != 0)
          log_bogus_target(expr);
        else
          break;
      }
    } else break;
  }

batchfull:

  if (hs->current_batch_sz == 0)
    return NULL;

  /* OK, now we have our complete batch of entries.  The next step is to
     randomize them (if requested) */
  if (hs->randomize) {
    hoststructfry(hs->hostbatch, hs->current_batch_sz);
  }

  /* First I'll do the ARP ping if all of the machines in the group are
     directly connected over ethernet.  I may need the MAC addresses
     later anyway. */
  if (hs->hostbatch[0]->ifType() == devt_ethernet && 
      hs->hostbatch[0]->af() == AF_INET &&
      hs->hostbatch[0]->directlyConnected() && 
      o.sendpref != PACKET_SEND_IP_STRONG &&
      (pingtype == PINGTYPE_ARP || o.implicitARPPing)) {
    arpping(hs->hostbatch, hs->current_batch_sz);
    arpping_done = true;
  }

  /* No other interface types are supported by ND ping except devt_ethernet
     at the moment. */
  if (hs->hostbatch[0]->ifType() == devt_ethernet &&
      hs->hostbatch[0]->af() == AF_INET6 &&
      hs->hostbatch[0]->directlyConnected() &&
      o.sendpref != PACKET_SEND_IP_STRONG &&
      (pingtype == PINGTYPE_ARP || o.implicitARPPing)) {
    arpping(hs->hostbatch, hs->current_batch_sz);
    arpping_done = true;
  }

  gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
  if ((o.sendpref & PACKET_SEND_ETH) && 
      hs->hostbatch[0]->ifType() == devt_ethernet) {
    for (i=0; i < hs->current_batch_sz; i++) {
      if (!(hs->hostbatch[i]->flags & HOST_DOWN) && 
          !hs->hostbatch[i]->timedOut(&now)) {
        if (!setTargetNextHopMAC(hs->hostbatch[i])) {
          fatal("%s: Failed to determine dst MAC address for target %s", 
              __func__, hs->hostbatch[i]->NameIP());
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /* Then we do the mass ping (if required - IP-level pings) */
  if ((pingtype == PINGTYPE_NONE && !arpping_done) || hs->hostbatch[0]->ifType() == devt_loopback) {
    for (i=0; i < hs->current_batch_sz; i++) {
      if (!hs->hostbatch[i]->timedOut(&now)) {
        initialize_timeout_info(&hs->hostbatch[i]->to);
        hs->hostbatch[i]->flags |= HOST_UP; /*hostbatch[i].up = 1;*/
        if (pingtype == PINGTYPE_NONE && !arpping_done)
          hs->hostbatch[i]->reason.reason_id = ER_USER;
        else
          hs->hostbatch[i]->reason.reason_id = ER_LOCALHOST;
      }
    }
  } else if (!arpping_done) {
    massping(hs->hostbatch, hs->current_batch_sz, ports);
  }

  if (!o.noresolve)
    nmap_mass_rdns(hs->hostbatch, hs->current_batch_sz);

  return hs->hostbatch[hs->next_batch_no++];
}